The Theory Of Coordination Failure Underlying The...

The Theory of Coordination Failure Underlying the Hypothesis of Rosenstein-Rodan ‘’ But when was ever honey made with one bee in a hive!’’ stated the English poet, author and humourist, Thomas Hood in his poem ‘The Last Man’. These words give an idea about the perfect coordination of bees as they work to produce honey. One bee will fail miserably at producing honey if it sets out to accomplish this task independently. Similarly, coordination in economics involves the integration of various activities by agents in the complex economic system to ensure that scarce resources are efficiently used for the good of all in the society – in the bee’s case, making honey. According to Ray (1998), an alternate, superior equilibrium exists provided†¦show more content†¦In addition, a strategy for planned industrialisation made up of concurrent arrangements which cater for various complementary industries has never existed. In the arguments put across by Rosenstein-Rodan (1943), providing training for labourers who were peasants in the Eastern and South-Eastern European region ought to be the paramount task of industrialization. This would eventually change them into either full-time or part-time workers in industries and increase their level of income. He suggested this because private firms did not consider this venture profitable to them since entrepreneurs may lose capital if they invest in training labourers who will ultimately work with another firm. In order words, a bulk investment in capital and labour was beneficial for development rather than depending on individual firms to accomplish that task. Rosenstein-Rodan’s (1943) most significant reason in support of large-scale investments stems from the idea of complementarities of diverse industries. In his paper, he explains that numerous industries serve as complements to each other. He gives the logical argument which favours planning an extensive form of industrialization citing an example with a rather

Drug And Substance Abuse During Pregnancy - 1442 Words

Introduction Drug and substance abuse have been the prevalent world over among pregnant women. Past studies had shown that this could have an adverse effect on the child development. UNICEF (2007) was at the forefront of agitating against drug and substance abuse during pregnancy. Studies had also found out that more than 20% of mothers in the United States alone had smoked during pregnancy (Coles, 2010).Alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, prescription drugs and heroin are some of the drugs that were singled out to have been abused by various mothers during pregnancy (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2015). According to National Institute of Health (2015), drug abuse was found to have interfered with the child development on the areas†¦show more content†¦The first stage can also be called the prenatal stage. It covers the growth of the child from conception to birth. At this stage, most of the organs are developed. The child acquires his/her food from the mother through the placenta. These food nutrients come through the blood stream. An alcoholic or smoking mother may pass some traces of the drugs to the child. These traces can alter the process of child development significantly. At the second stage of 0 to 12 months, the child still depends entirely on the mother s care. A drug addict mother may expose the infant to a lot of dangers. Lastly from one year to preschool and later the child can now be left in the hands of the caregiver and later may start school. Drug addicted parents affect these stages of development differently. Physical growth Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, use of marijuana and cocaine had been found to result in low weight of the child at birth (National Institute of Health, 2015, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2015, American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014). Children born to alcoholic mothers had been found to suffer from retardation after birth. Besides, the rate of physical growth of these children was significantly lower than those who were not exposed to drugs (Cleaver, Aldgate, Unell, 2011). Drug abuse during pregnancy had also increased the risk of amnionitis, precipitous labor, and emergency caesarean section. These conditions can lead to a child born

Shoe Horn Sonata free essay sample

The distinctively visual connects an image with an idea. To illustrate the effectiveness of the distinctively visual in emphasising the ways that individuals respond to significant aspects of life, two uniquely Australian texts stand alone; the prescribed text The Shoe-Horn Sonata by John Misto written in 1996 and the epic 2008 film Australia by Baz Luhramm. Both texts deal with aspects of war and the importance of truth. Each text, whether it be a dramatised stage play or a film script, has a composer who has the capacity to emotionally transport an audience to a different time and place by bringing the written word to the visual medium through their evocative and highly innovative choice of the distinctively visual. In act one: scene 1 Bridie and Shelia, the two fictional characters, are a visual and dramatic representation of the women who faced the real life experiences of the Australian and British female POW’s captured while trying to flee from Singapore in 1942. An image of a Japanese soldier’s face is displayed to the audience, portraying a warrior, instilling fear into the audience and illustrating the fierceness and terrifying nature of the Japanese soldiers. The photograph is enhanced with the dialogue â€Å"The Japs’d come around and beat us for the fun of it. ‘Useless Mouths’ they used to call us†, this adds to the audiences feelings of horror and disbelief to what the women endured. The use of sound effects and music dictates the atmosphere and mood of particular scenarios and adds emotional subtext to various scenes. It adds historical significance to the drama, with Misto using music from the war era and aids in demonstrating the resilience of the women. With a combination of music and sounds effects along with the use of projected images, the audience is able to visualize the situation and feel the emotions of the characters. This is illustrated when Bridie and Shelia find themselves in the water after their ships were bombed by the Japanese. The sound of splashing waves can be heard, with projected images of Singapore on fire, displaying the brutality and danger of the situation and takes us into the minds and memories of Bridie and Shelia. In juxtaposition to this Sheila sings Jerusalem a patriotic, British song, exhibiting the willpower the women have to ‘bounce back’ from the situation and survive this affliction. The sound effects of crickets can be heard whilst Shelia begins to reveal her secret to Bridie. As the scene persists, the noise of the cricket’s increase with intensity, this is until Sheila discloses the truth about her selling herself to the Japanese soldier’s in order obtain the Quinine to save Bridie’s life ,at which point the crickets cease. The crickets symbolize the jungle and transport both the audience and women to that place in time; the conclusion of the noise represents Sheila being set free from war time and is now able to live a normal life. The symbolic nature of the shoe horn is seen throughout the play, portraying a sense of survival for not only Bridie and Shelia but the whole prison camp. In the beginning the shoe horn represents the joys of Bridie’s family and home life and enables the audience to get a feel for the happiness it brings, before the horrors of war proceed. As the play progresses the symbolism shifts. When Bridie and Sheila find themselves adrift after their boats had been sunk, Bridie uses the shoe horn to prevent Shelia from drowning. Although a humorous part in the play, it displays their wants and needs for survival. As the women form a choir within the camp, the shoehorn takes on an essential role in the women’s existence. It is used as a metronome, driving the music, lifting the spirits of each woman and emotionally allowing them to rise above the deprivation and horror around them. This notion is enhanced with the dialogue â€Å"together we made this glorious sound that rose above the camp – above the jungle – above the war – rose and rose and took us with it. Fifty voices set us free†. Most predominantly the shoe horn becomes a symbol of the pain and shame Sheila held for 50 years and the sacrifice she was willing to make in order to save a friends life. Once the shoe horn is returned to Bridie, it becomes a symbol of the women’s redemption of friendship and whipes out the pain and suffering they both had felt since the completion of the war. The symbolism throughout the drama portrays to the audience that in various situations the women used what they had in order to survive and carry on with their lives. Misto uses distinctively visual techniques through the drama to portray to the audience the experiences and feelings Bridie and Shelia felt throughout their tribulation. With the use of projected images, sound effects, music and symbolism, Misto displays the horrors of war, resilience and survival tactics of the women and aims at strengthening the knowledge and appreciation of the women who were held captive by the Japanese. Jess Summerville

Logic Computer Design Essay Example For Students

Logic Computer Design Essay Furthermore, good visualization skills allow them to control mental image, allowing them to move around the image, change the form, look inside, and picture the inside of the mental image of the design problem. 3. What are the three main areas or phases of the model-centered design process? Do the activities in these areas happen in a sequential fashion? The three main areas of phases of the model-centered design process are ideation, refinement, and implementation. Model-centered engineering design is a nonlinear team approach to design that brings together the input, processes, ND output elements necessary to produce a product. 4. Explain how PLY is used in the design process. What is its relationship to ICC? Product Life Cycle Management (PLY) is an organizational model that involves all the companys department, including the engineering design process, in the design and manufacture of a product. In addition to CAD soft,vary, specialized software products and technologies are used in conjunction. PLY is used as a basis for creating the accumulated corporate intellectual capital (ICC) of a company or organization. 5. Outline the Steps Of problem identification in the ideation phase. Problem identification is an ideation process which consisting six elements: Problem statement, Research, Data gathering, Objectives, Limitations, and Scheduling. 6. What kinds of graphics are used in the ideation phase? The types of graphics used in ideation phase include charts, graphs, ideation sketches and drawings, design drawings, analysis and concept models, and presentation graphics. 7. What is the designers notebook? How is it used? A designers notebook is similar to a diary and contains many notes and sketches that are organized to show the path to development tort a product and process. A well documented notebook contains notes, calculations, signatures, and dates, Keeping good note can make an accurate document for an original design. 8. Outline the main activities in the refinement phase Refinement is a repetitive (iterative or cyclical) process used to test a preliminary design Refinement consists of three main areas: modeling, design analysis, and design visualization. . Describe the different kinds of models used in the design process. Modeling is the process Of representing abstract ideas, words, and forms, through the orderly use of simplified text and images. Models are classified as either descriptive or predictive. Descriptive model presents abstract ideas, products, or processes in a recognize form. Descriptive models consisting 3-D CAD or physical sca le models used simply to visually represent the design. Predictive models can be mathematical or virtual 3-D CAD models that can be used to analyze the motion or physical properties of the design. 10. Describe the different kinds of analysis techniques used in the design process. Types of analysis techniques used in the design process are Property analysis, Mechanism analysis, Functional analysis, Human doctors analysis, Aesthetic analysis, Market analysis, and Financial analysis. 11. Outline the three ways the 3-D model database can be used in the implementation phase. Three ways the 3-D model database can be used in the implementation phase are production, marketing and service documentation, Production is 3-D CAD models which are used to run machine tools and make parts and layout the factory floor _ Marketing is 3-D CAD models are used for illustrations, presentation graphics, and advertising. Service Documentation is 3-D CAD models are used for service manuals, training, and assembly instructions. 12. What kinds of documentation might be produced as part of the design process? Design process documentation 2-D engineering drawings, 3-D design models, presentation drawings and illustrations. 3. Explain the role of PDP in the design process. What is the relationship of ERP to PDP? Product Data Management (PDP) is the name given to specific computer-based tools and used to track CAD or office documents with user- defined data fields, such as revisions, authors, date, and so forth in the development and manufacture of a product. Within PDP, Enterp rise resource landing (ERP) is a system that specifically touches on the ordering to material and planning for the materials used for manufacture of a product. 14. What is the difference between conventions and standards? .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .postImageUrl , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:hover , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:visited , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:active { border:0!important; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:active , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drawing and Anatomy: The Shoulder Girdle and Forearm EssayConventions commonly are accepted practices, rules, or methods. In technical drawing, an example off convention is the use of dashed lines or hidden features, on a emulative drawing to designate a feature hidden from the current viewpoint. Standards are sets of rules (formal; ANSI or ISO) that govern how technical drawings are represented, 15. Describe two reverse engineering techniques One of the reverse engineering techniques are the using of coordinate measuring machine (CM) that can measure Objects accurately and then inputs the 3-D data into a CAD system and modified it. Another one is called scanning by using laser or specialized photographic equipment to make critical measurement from existing parts. 16. Describe two different rapid prototyping technologies. One of the rapid prototyping technologies are Extraterritoriality (SLAM) which using a laser focused beam to harden a light-sensitive polymer. Another one is Fused Deposition Modeling (FAD) which using a molten plastic to deposit a series of very thin erasers to build and create a part. 17. Explain why an enterprise might want to store data in an off-site data warehouse. Then reason of an enterprise want to store data in an off-site data warehouse is protect against fire or other catastrophes at the coronaries engine erring center. 18. Describe two different IVR display techniques. Two different IVR display are the using of head-mounted display (HAM) that only for individual users and multiple projection systems called computer augmented virtual environments (CAVEs) for multiple users in a larger physical space.

Book Review Band of Brothers Essay Example

Book Review: Band of Brothers Essay Stephen E. Ambrose was born in 1936.He grew up in Whitewater, Wisconsin.Ambrose has two brothers named Harry and Bill.Harry is two years older and Bill is two years younger.Ambroses father was a navy doctor in the Pacific.His mother worked in a Pea Cannery.Ambrose has a wife named Moira Buckley Ambrose.They both have five kids.Ambrose went to the University of Wisconsin.He started as a premed but then switched to American History.Through the years of 1960 1995 he was a full-time professor at the University of New Orleans, Rutgers, Kansas State, Naval War College, and U.C. Berkeley.Ambrose wrote a book on the biography of Eisenhower because Eisenhower asked him to become his biographer.After all his wonderful work as a professor and writer, Ambrose retired on May of 1995.I do think Ambrose was qualified to write this book.He was around when the war occurred and he majored in American History. The book is about the horrifying history of Easy Company.Easy Company contained 147 members .The book takes us along Easy Companys trip from their difficult training to Utah Beach on D-Day. In the beginning, the book takes us through the formation of Easy Company in the summer of 1942.The men were kind of young; some started off from the age of eighteen.They trained in Georgia and learned the rigors of jumping from airplanes.Theirfirst training was basically physical training.Their second training was weapon training.They learned how to use the weapons.They also learned how to take the weapons apart and put them back together.The men went through torture mainly because of Captain Sobel.He made their training seem long and tough.Sobel left and then came in Winters.Winters was considered as the Hero.All that training had its purpose.It made the men more powerful and more willing to stay and be a

How to Write an Abstract for an Undergraduate Dissertation

How to Write an Abstract for an Undergraduate Dissertation How to Write an Abstract for an Undergraduate Dissertation An abstract can be seen as a condensed version of your paper. It highlights all of the most important points that are covered. It should also include the scope and content. Think of it as an abridged version of your dissertation. The reader should be able to just read the abstract and get all of the information that they need from it without having to read the entire paper. If you are unsure how to write an abstract for your thesis or dissertation, we have compiled the best advice into one spot for you. Check out these tips and you will master your abstract in no time: Include a title that is identical to the thesis, the author’s name, the date of the thesis, where the thesis is published, the main topic, the purpose, the research methods used, any subsections included, and the conclusions, results, recommendations. Use paragraphs that are nicely developed and coherent, concise, and unified. You can put it all in one topic or in several. The purpose, results, recommendations, and conclusions should use an introduction, body, and conclusion structure. The abstract should follow the same chronology as the dissertation or thesis. It should provide logical connections between the information and the abstract. Summarize the information and be sure not to add any new information. Provide the content using passive verbs that tend to downplay the author. This can emphasize the content of the piece. Here are the steps to follow to write an effective abstract: Always wait until your dissertation is complete before starting your abstract. You will need a completed piece to get the abstract right. Be sure to express the aims, methods, and results of the study. Recap your conclusions and recommendations. Follow your table of contents to help your abstract match your paper. Always edit your final piece once the abstract is done so that it can be edited as well. Get a second opinion. Have a friend, or better yet, a professional read it over and make sure that it really captures the essence of your paper. Here is some advice to remember when you are developing your dissertation abstract: The abstract should be around 150 to 350 words in length. Be sure to check with the board to see if there are other directions that you will need to follow. You can use a single paragraph, or break it into three paragraphs following this structure: - First Paragraph: State what your dissertation is about by giving a simple statement that indicates the methods and aims of the study. - Second Paragraph: Explain how the dissertation is structured and state the content information that is vital. - Third Paragraph: Offer a concluding statement and a summary of the results. This part of your paper is important because it gives the reader an idea of what they will get out of the study without them having to read the entire paper. That is why it is important to make sure that you do it right the first time, so that it serves the proper purpose for your reader. If you are having any issues writing your abstract, you can get the help that you need right here. At you can get instant assistance from our Undergraduate dissertation writing service which works with PhD degree holding writers.

The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp - Essay Example The following discussion reflects on the events that occurred in the life of Colonel Blimp (Candy) during his tenure in the British army, with relevance to the actual situation at the time (Moor, 2012:45). The British cinematography intended to produce the movie for public viewing as of the year 1943. However, government interventions harbored the intended progress arguing that it contained sophisticated information that would not be allowed to the public as it belonged to the government. Colonel Blimp, characterized by Lieutenant Candy, is a borrowing from David Low’s artistic representations that conveyed militarized stories of a soldier who reflected an extend of stupidity in his decisions (Street, 2005:46). As observed with Candy, the degree of stupidity is undoubtedly high to the extent that he leads his battalion regiment in most weird ways. For instance, after receiving news that a battle would probably erupt in the night, Candy reacts promptly in readiness of the battl e. He carries out a military test to kidnap and imprison some of his seniors without any authority (Moor, 2012). However, his intentions target of ensuring the junior officers that in conducting a successful test, they would probably win in the expected battle. With clear confidence of a win in the battle, they intrude the general’s sauna in a spacious and equally protected building. Candy expresses to his general that he was conducting a test and that he had fallen a victim. The general gimmicks Candy’s confidence as he questions him in the act, whereby Candy recites his wish to win in the forthcoming battle (Connelly, 2005:47). This reflects an act of aggression but on the contrary remains inconsistent with the law since military orders emanate from the highest ranked individual in the hierarchy. Therefore, Lieutenant Candy exceeds his authority but argues out that the exercise would be a motivation and a guarantee that the British would win the battle. Through his u nexpected raid at the general’s house, Candy indicates his insatiable interest in winning the battle and assures his subjects that they shall pursue the enemy before the declaration of the battle (Moor, 2012:48). The approach to the battle portrays the unethical tactics that the British government endured on in combating their enemies during the first and second world wars. The general warns Candy over the untimely invasions citing that they should not advance or strike in the battlefield unless authorities declare the war officially. Colonel Blimp declines to the idea and challenges his superior without showing respect to the rank. The two argue out on the best process but Candy declines and insults his general as one filled with cowardice and lacking the spirit of aggression. The general feels humiliated and retaliates to the youthful lieutenant telling him that he would realize of how stupid a youth is in his olden days. Finally, they engage in a fight and eventually the g eneral draws Candy into the pool. As Candy swims out of the pool, he is older and in accordance to the hospitality drawn towards him, it is easier to establish that he is highly ranked in the army. Currently, Candy seems to have a denial on military duties and continuously has cultivated comical aspects instead of the serious military role model. Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger write the movie in a way that they portray the characters in

Compare and contrast utopian societies Research Paper

Compare and contrast utopian societies - Research Paper Example The Enlightenment was a remarkable time in human history. For many years, humans had lived in an intellectual or cultural â€Å"dark ages† where very little changed and people were wedded to their superstitions. Centuries went by and nothing really progressed. Instead of testing the world around them they simply accepted what clergymen or monarchs told them was true and left it at that. They didn’t test their limits; they just read old books and believed the facts in them. But this state of affairs could not last forever. There is an impulse, a curiosity, in humans that seeks sensible explanations. In the 17th century the Enlightenment began. Motivated by trade, the printing press, and a number of very significant intellectual leaders, this period of history saw a lot of the superstitions that guided people’s lives beaten back. Thinkers like Diderot, Voltaire, Adam Smith, and Thomas Jefferson revolutionized the way we think about the world and our place in it. Sc ientific innovation was also telling us more and more about our world, was exposing the fact that it was not run by ghosts and gods. Things began to change dramatically. People believed that a better world could be created through reason. The first utopians became famous. The power of science was very important to the Enlightenment and to its idea that utopias were possible. Science was the process people used to explain the world to themselves and it was really coming into its own. People like Galileo had shown us that the moon was not a perfect sphere and that the patterns of the other planets were not quite as perfect as once thought. People began to think that the world was knowable not by divine revelation but through scientific reasoning and measurement. They took up their slide rules and went to their labs to try to explain things. This was a positive thing. But some people also began to applying strict science to things like politics or race—concepts that

Do you think our desire to create and solve puzzles is physiologically Essay

Do you think our desire to create and solve puzzles is physiologically determined, i.e., instinctual Culturally determined P - Essay Example To quote Danesi, solving puzzles is â€Å"An instinctual need to search out definite, reassuring, small-scale answers. ... Filling in the little squares with clear-cut answers seems, in its own minuscule way, to negate the existential emptiness that human beings unconsciously feel" (Romano). It is an innate knowledge that is within all of us that it only needs to be teased for our puzzle solving capability to come out (Infantry). In other words, puzzles are our attempt to find answers to our universe and the phenomena that surrounds us. We find it engaging because it is fun and amuses us that we usually respond when we are challenged by a puzzle. Since puzzles are within us and our ability to respond to the challenge of puzzles is instinctive, culture is not a factor to it because we have it regardless where we came from. It can be psychological in a way because our curiosity to solve puzzles is embedded in our psyche and all it takes for that capability to come is to be challenged or teased by a problem, be it a word riddle, an abstract problem or a mathematical problem. This natural ability of man to solve puzzle has served us well because through our natural inclination to solve puzzles led us to the discovery of many disciplines in arts and sciences that ranged from mathematics, economics, cognitive science, philosophy among others. From the problems posed by building the great pyramids of Egypt came the invention of the Pythagorean Theorem which in itself a riddle because it will allow us to solve the length of one of the lines once we know the other two lines. In modern times, our curiosity with how the market work is best explained by solving the various variables of how supply affects demand and vice versa. This inherent penchant for engaging in puzzles has also helped expand our horizon seeing worlds beyond us that extend to the realm of imagination as narrated by fictions and novels that keeps us hooked on what will happen next. We inadvertently lear n because we became so engrossed in the narration not noticing that we have been drawn to an entirely different universe. Indeed, our natural fascination with solving puzzles has benefited us in countless ways. Civilization and its accompanying technology may not be as what it is as we know today without the discoveries that was initiated by our curiosity to solve puzzles. My personal experience with puzzles My personal experience with puzzles used to be equally puzzling until I stumbled on Danesi in class who explained the reasons of our natural curiosity to solve things. I never thought of myself as a puzzle solver or really into it. But strangely, I noticed that I have not reneged any invitation to solve a puzzle. Once I started, I cannot even help but to be engaged with the challenge and do my best to solve it to the point that I lose track of time. The best example I can give is the Sudoko game which involves heavy mathematics. I thought I would never be interested with it know ing that math is not my forte but when a friend taught me the mechanics of the game, I cannot help but dabble myself into it, taking challenge after another until I got it. I progressed without even noticing it. I can remember that I got addicted to it that I used to spend the whole day solving Sudoku puzzles without even realizing how much time has lapsed. I also now understand why I am addicted to

Studies Related To Dementia And Caregivers Burden Nursing Essay

Studies Related To Dementia And Caregivers Burden Nursing Essay The literature review was based on extensive survey of books, journals and international nursing studies. A review of literature relevant to the study was undertaken which helped the investigator to develop insight into the problem and gain information on what has been done in the past. An extensive review of literature was done by the investigator to lay a broad foundation for the study and a conceptual framework based on Wiedenbachs Helping Art Clinical Nursing Theory to proceed with the study under the following headings. For the purpose of logical sequence the chapter was divided into the following sections: 2.1 Section A: Studies related to dementia and caregivers burden of clients with dementia. 2.2 Section B: Studies related to psychological interventions on level of burden among caregivers of clients with dementia. SECTION A: STUDIES RELATED TO DEMENTIA AND CAREGIVERS BURDEN Harrison BE (2012) conducted a study to identify the evidence of factors influencing dementia related caregivers burden. 565 caregivers participated who were selected by purposive sampling technique. Caregivers Interview Schedule were given to the caregivers of clients with dementia. The findings of the study revealed that, many factors influence the impact of the caregiving experience such as gender, relationship to the patient, culture and personal characteristics. Hepworth JT (2012) conducted a cross -sectional study on burden experienced by caregivers of clients with dementia in Taiwan. 150 caregivers were participated from outpatient clinics of three hospitals by convenience sampling technique. The Caregiver Burden Inventory and Cost of Care Index Scale were used to assess the caregiver burden. The findings of the study revealed that 62% of caregivers had high level of burden. Rosenheck R (2012) conducted a cross sectional study on caregiver burden in dementia. 421 ambulatory outpatients with a diagnosis of dementia, those caregivers were participated as sample who were selected by convenient sampling technique. Burden Interview, caregiver distress scale, The Beck Depression Inventory Scales were administered. The findings of the study revealed that 80% of caregivers had severe behavioural disturbances, and psychiatric symptoms. Scheltens P (2012) conducted a epidemiological study on identifying a target group depression among caregivers of clients with dementia in Netherland. 725 caregivers participated who were selected by convenient sampling technique. Depression scale was administered to the caregivers. The findings of the study revealed that 72% caregivers had increased risk for depression and psychological distress. Steven H. Zarit (2012) conducted a longitudinal study to assess the subjective burden of husbands and wives in the care of clients with dementia. 1585 caregivers participated and selected by convenient sampling technique. Zarit Burden Assessment Scale was administered to caregivers of clients with dementia. The findings of the study revealed that among spouses, 65% of wives are having more burden than husbands. Christofoletti G (2011) conducted a cross sectional study to assess the neuropsychiatric disturbance of caregivers of clients with dementia and mental burden of their caregivers. 59 caregivers participated .Semi structured Burdren Interview Scale was used to assess the data. The result of the study revealed that 40% of caregivers had neuropsychiatric disturbance and mental burden. Papastavrou E (2011) conducted a descriptive study to investigate the burden experienced by families providing care to a relative with dementia in Cyprus. 172 caregivers are participated in the study. Convenient sampling technique was used. Data collected by using Burden Interview Scale, Behaviour Memory Problem Checklist, Depression Scale and Ways of Coping Questionnaire. The results showed that 68.02% of caregivers were highly burdened and 65% of caregivers exhibited depressive symptoms. Aizcorbeurrozc (2010) conducted a cross sectional study to evaluate the association between caregivers burden and psychological distress and to estimate the prevalence of mental disorder among the caregivers. 40 caregivers participated and assessed by Zarit Burden Scale and GHQ 28 to evaluate psychological distress. Convenient sampling technique was used. The result of the study showed that 80.7% of caregivers had high level of psychological distress. Ebenezer E, Prince MJ (2010) conducted a cross sectional study to examine selected factors of dementia patients and their caregivers that were associated with the burden of family caregivers. 225 caregivers participated in the study. Participants were selected by convenient sampling. Zarit Burden Interview Schedule was used to measure the caregivers burden. The result of the study showed that 78% of caregivers had high level of burdened because of informal support and ethnicity. Rinaldi P (2010) conducted a cross sectional study to investigate the burden perceived by caregivers of clients with dementia in different aspects of caregivers life and caregivers characteristics on its difference dimension in Italy. 419 caregivers participated. Caregivers burden inventory scale was used to quantify burden. The findings revealed that 80% of caregivers experienced that high level of anxiety and depression. Rothkopf M (2010) conducted a descriptive study to assess the distress and burden associated with sleep disturbance in dementia caregiver. 60 female caregivers participated through convenient sampling technique. Actigraphic Sleep Parameter and Burden Interview Schedule was used to measure the sleep and level of burden. The result of the study revealed that 98% of caregivers had depressive symptoms associated with poorer sleep efficiency. Williams C (2010) conducted a descriptive correlational study to identify the factors within marital relationships that increase risk of burden and depression in USA. 5 men and 11 women caregivers of clients with dementia participated. Zarit Burden Interview Schedule was used to measure the caregivers burden. The results showed that 74 % of spouses caregivers were overburdened and had depression. Anderson S (2009) conducted a cross-sectional study to examine association between caregivers burden and perceived health among caregivers of clients with dementia living at home in Netherland. 2238 samples participated. Caregivers Burden Scale was used to collect the data. The findings of the study revealed that the 84% of caregivers experienced moderate burden associated with isolation, disappointment and emotional involvement with perceived health. Elmstnhl S (2008) conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the financial burden and psychological distress among caregivers of clients with dementia in Sweden. 50 caregivers were participated. Burden Interview Schedule was used to assess the economic and social conditions. The study revealed that caregivers experienced total burden, strain and disappointment because of low income that leads to higher degree of burden. SECTION B: STUDIES RELATED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS ON LEVEL OF BURDEN AMONG CAREGIVERS OF CLIENTS WITH DEMENTIA. Hauck WW (2011) conducted a prospective study to assess the Tailored Activity Program to reduce caregivers burden of clients with dementia. 60 caregivers were participated. Tailored Activity Program was given as an intervention for 4 months to reduce the caregivers burden. Zarit Burden Interview Schedule was used to assess the burden level. The findings of the study revealed that Tailored Activity program reduce the depression and anxiety among caregivers of dementia clients. Guetin S (2011) conducted a cross sectional study to assess the impact of music therapy on depression for caregivers of clients with dementia. 286 caregivers were participated. Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scale, Zarit Burden Scale was used to assess the depression and burden level of caregivers of clients with dementia. 44 session music therapy was given to the caregivers. The findings of the study revealed that music therapy was reduced 80% of caregivers anxiety and depression. Jerimia Heinik (2011) conducted a cross sectional study to assess the effectiveness of recreational activities on level of burden among caregivers of relatives with dementia. 286 caregivers were participated. Zarit Burden Scale, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scale was used to assess the level of burden. Recreational activities were given for 5 months. The findings of the study revealed that recreational activities reduced 75% of level of burden among caregivers of clients with dementia. Sinder T (2010) conducted a cross sectional study to identify the effects on deep breathing exercise to reduce the level of burden among caregivers of clients with dementia in Taiwan. 465 caregivers participated. Convenient Sampling Technique was used. Deep breathing exercise was given to the caregivers of clients with dementia for 3 months. The findings of the study revealed that deep breathing exercise reduced the anxiety, anger among caregivers of clients with dementia. Philip D (2009) conducted a cross sectional study to assess the effectiveness of recreational activities on level of burden experienced by caregivers of clients with dementia in Europe. 238 samples participated in this study. Zarit Burden Interview, Burden Assessment Scale was used to identify burden. Painting, drawing was given as recreational activities for 12 weeks. The findings of the study revealed that 84 % of burden level was reduced for caregivers of clients with dementia with the help of recreational activities. Chandragupta and Bhola (2008) conducted a meta analysis studies to find the effectiveness of support groups for caregivers of dementic patients to reduce the burden and psychological well being. 521 caregivers participated. Burden Assessment Scale was used. Purposive sampling technique was used.The result indicated that support group helps to reduce the depression, anxiety and it improves the psychological well being. Graff ST (2008) conducted a longitudinal study to assess the effectiveness of community based occupational therapy on level of burden among caregivers of clients with dementia in France. 10 sessions of occupation therapy was given for 5 weeks. Caregiver burden was assessed with Zarit Burden Interview Schedule. 400 samples participated in this study. The findings of the study revealed that occupational therapy reduced 60 % of level of burden among caregivers of client with dementia. Naresh R, et al., (2007) conducted a longitudinal study on self efficacy for managing dementia and reduce the level of burden and depression among dementia caregivers. 84 caregivers participated. Zarit Burden Interview Schedule was used. Convenient sampling technique was used. The result revealed that self efficacy is used to alleviate the symptoms of burden and depression among caregivers of clients with dementia. Mittelman M (2007) conducted a longitudinal study to assess the effectiveness of family meetings to prevent of anxiety and depressive symptoms among caregivers of clients with dementia. 420 caregivers participated. Caregivers Burden Assessment Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Depression Scale were used to collect the data. The findings of the study showed that family meetings help to reduce the anxiety and depressive symptoms among 75% of caregivers of clients with dementia. Stella et al., (2007) conducted a cross sectional study to assess the effectiveness of physical activity on the level of mental burden among caregivers of clients with dementia. Convenience sampling technique was used. 245 caregivers participated. Burden Assessment Scale was used. The results revealed that the regular practice of physical activity reduce the burden of the caregivers of dementia patients. Gerentol GZ (2006) conducted a longitudinal study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on activities of daily living on care of clients with dementia. 425 caregivers participated. Burden Assessment Scale was used to collect the data. Convenient sampling technique was used. The findings of the study showed that planned activities of daily living for dementia clients reduces the level of burden, depression and anxiety among caregivers of clients with dementia. Cantent C (2005) conducted a cross sectional study to assess the effectiveness of self group on level of burden among caregivers of clients with dementia. 425 caregivers participated. Zarit Burden Assessment Schedule was used to collect the data. Convenient Sampling Techinique was used.The findings of the study revealed tha self group reduces the level of burden among 65% of caregivers of clients with dementia. Pahlavandeh S (2005) conducted a study on effectiveness of family education program on caregiver burden of dementia clients. 560 caregivers participated. Zarit Burden Assessment Scale was used in this study. The findings of the study revealed that family education program reduces the level of burden among 60% of caregivers of clients with dementia. Kuskowski MA and Kirk LN (2005) conducted a exploratory study to examine the personal and relational impact on caregiving wives. Supportive group therapy was applied as a intervention. 115 female spouse caregivers participated. Convenient sampling technique was used. Burden Assessment Scale was used in this study. The findings of the study was revealed that supportive group therapy enhance the caregivers sense of personal mastery and it help to reduce the negative effects of caregivers of dementia clients. Tuokko H (2005) conducted a cross sectional study to assess the effectiveness of educational training program on reducing the level of burden among caregivers of clients with dementia in Lucknow. 526 caregivers participated. Burden Assessment Scale was used in this study. The findings of the study revealed that educational training programme brought awareness among caregivers and it helped to reduce the overburden and depression among 60% of caregivers of clients with dementia.

Love Presented in Poems by Wilfred Owen Essay -- Wilfred Owen Poems Po

Love Presented in Poems by Wilfred Owen Explore how the theme of love is presented in Birdsong and a selection of poems by Wilfred Owen. Loving attitudes, though perhaps not as prominent as themes such as violence and pride, are intimately observed and explored in Sebastian Faulks' Birdsong and in many of Wilfred Owen's War poems. Each aspect of love, as seen through the eyes of this First World War soldier and Faulks' characters, is as interesting as it is diverse, allowing an impervious insight into the psychological effects that the War had on these men. Such a formidable event as war has a devastating effect on all parties involved. In total, the First World War saw the deaths of 420,000 English, 450,000 German, and 205,000 French civilians. Through the bleak and most shattering of ordeals, love will show itself in the strangest fashions; surfacing in new and unforeseen places, and overriding all tribulations. I believe the two texts I have selected support this view, portraying clearly many different features of the love that war made apparent, love that was forced to survive horrendous difficulties, and the love which was occasionally lost. Propaganda for The Great War sold a message of equality, duty and devotion, striking a patriotic chord throughout England with slogans such as: "Everyone should do his bit", and "God bless dear daddy who is fighting the Hun and send him HELP". This image of fearlessness, commitment and love for your country was heavily supported and can be appreciated when reading the poetry of Jessie Pope. Her poems are often used to demonstrate the sentiments on the home front, and are commonly taught in opposition to the ideas of the major war poets, including Wilfred... ...nder feelings, such as the personification of "The kind old sun" in Futility and "the haunting flares" in Dulce Et Decorum Est; Faulkes using emotive language and character relationships to portray the sadness and the loss encountered during the war. Both are successful in their attempt to show love enduring everything, and of love being borne from human nature's lust for survival. Footnotes  ¹Owen's poem Dulce Et Decorum Est was originally dedicated to Jessie Pope, but under the advice of Sassoon, Owen settled for using "My friend" to represent her, believing that a name check was perhaps too strong. Bibliography Essays read: www.studyworld.com/ literature/dulce_et_decorum_est.htm www.whatalovelywar.co.uk/jessie.htm/ Books studied: Wilfred Owen: The War Poems. (Chatto & Windus LTD, 1994) Sebastien Faulkes: Birdsong (Vintage, 1994)

Modes of Heat Transfer

DEFINITION OF HEAT TRANSFER| Heat transfer is energy in transit due to temperature difference . Whenever there exists a temperature difference in a medium or between media, heat transfer must occur. The basic requirement for heat transfer is the presence of temperature difference . There can be no net heat transfer between two mediums that are at the same temperature. The temperature difference is the driving force for heat transfer, just as the voltage difference is the driving force for electric current flow and pressure difference is the driving force for fluid flow.The rate of heat transfer in a certain direction depends on the magnitude of the temperature gradient (the temperature difference per unit length or the rate of change of temperature) in that direction. The larger the temperature gradient, the higher the rate of heat transfer| PHYSICAL ORIGINS AND RATE EQUATIONS:It is important to understand the physical mechanisms which underlie the heat transfer modes and that we are able to use the rate equations that quantify the amount of energy being transferred per unit time.Conduction:Conduction can be imagined as a atomic or molecular activity which involves the transfer of energy from the more energetic to the less energetic particles of a substance due to interactions between the particles. |   | Explanation: The physical mechanism of conduction is explained as follows: Consider a gas in which there exists a temperature gradient and assume that there is no bulk motion. The gas may occupy the space between two surfaces that are maintained at different temperatures, as shown in Figure 1. 2.The temperature at any point is associated with the energy of gas molecules in proximity to the point. This energy is related to the random translational motion, as well as to the internal rotational and vibrational motions, of the molecules. | Higher temperatures are associated with higher molecular energies, and when neighboring molecules collide, as they are const antly doing, a transfer of energy from the more energetic to the less energetic molecules must occur. In the presence of the temperature gradient, energy transfer by conduction must then occur in the direction of decreasing temperature.This transfer is evident in the Figure 1. 2. The hypothetical plane at xo is constantly being crossed by molecules from above and below due to their random motion. However, molecules from above are associated with a larger temperature than those from below, in which case there must be a net transfer of energy in the positive x- direction. Hence, the net transfer of energy by random molecular motion may be thought of as diffusion of energy. It is possible to quantify heat transfer processes in terms of appropriate rate equations.These equations may be used to compute the amount of energy being transferred per unit time. The rate equation for heat conduction is known as Fourier's Law. The rate equation for the one dimensional plane wall shown in Figure below, having a temperature distribution T(x) is given by | (1. 1) | The heat flux (W/m2) is the heat transfer rate in the x -direction per unit area perpendicular to the direction of transfer, and it is proportional to the the temperature gradient, dT/dx , in this direction. The proportionality constant k is a transport property known as the thermal conductivity (W/m.K) and is a characteristic of the wall material. The minus sign is a consequence of the fact that the heat is transferred in the direction of decreasing temperature. Under the steady state conditions shown in Figure 1. 3, where the temperature distribution is linear, the temperature gradient may be expressed as | (1. 2) | and the heat flux then | (1. 3) | or | (1. 4) | This equation provides a heat flux , that is, the rate of heat transfer per unit area. The heat rate by conduction qx(W), through a plane wall of area A is then the product of the flux and the area qx= . A.Convection takes place when energy is transferre d from a surface to a fluid flowing over it as a result of a difference between the temperatures of the surface and the fluid. Convection heat transfer mode is comprised of two mechanisms * Energy transfer due to random molecular motion (diffusion) * Energy transferred by the bulk or macroscopic motion of the fluid ( advection) This fluid motion is associated with the aggregate or collective movement of the large number of molecules. Such motion, in the presence of temperature gradient, contributes to the heat transfer.Because the molecules in the aggregate retain their random motion, the total heat transfer is then due to a superposition of energy transport by the random motion of the molecules and by the bulk motion of the fluid. Convection heat transfer may be classified according to the nature of the flow. * Forced convection takes place when the flow is caused by an external agent such as fan, pump or atmospheric winds. For example, consider the use of a fan to provide forced c onvection air cooling of hot electrical components on a stack of printed circuit boards. Natural convection takes place when the flow is induced by density differences caused by the temperature variations in the fluid. For example, consider heat transfer that occurs from hot components on a vertical array of circuit boards in still air. * The rate equation for convection is known as Newton's law of cooling. This is given by | (1. 5) | * q† is the convective heat flux (W/m2). Convective heat flux is proportional to the difference between the surface and temperatures, Ts and , respectively.The proportionality constant is termed the convection heat transfer coefficient. It depends on the surface geometry, the nature of the fluid motion, and the fluid involved. Any study of convection ultimately reduces to a study of the means by which h may be determined. Although consideration of these means is postponed to Chapter 6, convection heat transfer will frequently appear as a boundary condition in the solution of conduction problems. In the solution of such problems we presume h to be known, using typical values gven in Table. * RADIATION: Thermal radiation is energy emitted by matter that is at a finite temperature. Radiation occurs not only from solid surfaces but also from liquids and gases. Regardless of the form of the matter, the emission may be attributed to changes in the electron configurations of the constituent atoms or molecules. The energy of the radiation field is transported by electromagnetic waves. While the transfer of energy by conduction and convection requires the presence of a material medium, radiation does not. In fact, radiation transfer occurs most efficiently in a vacuum. Consider radiation transfer processes for the surface of Figure. 1. 4. Radiation that is emitted by the surface originates from the thermal energy of matter bounded by the surface, and the rate at which the energy is released per unit area (W/m2) is termed the surface emissive power E. * There is an upper limit to the emissive power, which is prescribed by the Stefan-Boltzmann law | (1. 6) | * where Ts is the absolute temperature (K) of the surface and is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant ( = 5. 67 x 10-8 W/m2K 4). Such a surface is called an ideal radiator or black body. *

How To Increase Blog Traffic With Contagious Content

How To Increase Blog Traffic With Contagious Content Everyone wants to increase their blog  traffic, right? It would be too discouraging to write articles, knowing that no one will ever read them. So whenever we write a new post, were secretly hoping that it will bring tons of new visitors to our blog. But do you really think that hope is enough? Certainly not! Its not the circumstances that determine if your articles will get traction- its the tactics and strategies  you  execute that make it happen. How To Increase Blog Traffic: 5 Ways To Make Contagious Content #blogging via @timsouloAnd right now Im going to show you what you can do to increase the odds that your articles will get the attention they  deserve. 3  Natural Ways To Increase Blog Traffic If I ask you where your blog traffic comes from, you're going to name a lot of different things: SEO, social networks, forums, banner ads, etc. But in general, all natural traffic sources fall into 3 different categories: Search traffic Your audience Word of mouth Let me visualize this concept for you: Please Note: I’m using the term "natural traffic" because you can also use all sorts of advertising to generate "paid traffic" to your blog and website. 1. Search traffic. This one is self explanatory. People search Google for hundreds of things every day and it sends them to hundreds of different websites. You can also search for videos on YouTube, for presentations on SlideShare, for photos on Flickr, for tweets on Twitter, etc. Share your content on highly searched sites to reach more people. #bloggingIf you want to get search traffic from all these platforms, you just need to put your content there and make sure it's optimized for the keywords that people might use to find it. Well, actually it's a little bit more complicated than that, but just by publishing your content on all these sites, you really win  half of the battle. 2. Your audience. These are the people who already know about you. Some of them are on your email list, some subscribe to your RSS, some might follow you on Twitter, some have your blog  in their bookmarks. Share the way your audience wants it- even if that means  using many channels. #bloggingIn other words- these people regularly check back with you to see if there was an update. And all you have to do to make them come back to your site is publish a new article and let them know about it via your distribution channels (email newsletter, Twitter, RSS). 3. Word of mouth. That's the kind of traffic you get when your audience- and people coming from "search"- share your content  with their friends. They might tweet your article, share it on Facebook, link to it from their own blog, or send the URL to someone via Skype. So how can you help  people share your content  with others? Well, if you need the short answer- you have to make your article "contagious". Contagious content is the kind people find so good they have to  share it. #bloggingAnd in case you want to go really deep, read along... 5 Hacks To Make Your Content Contagious Did you notice from my visualization that "word of mouth" is actually a loop? This loop amplifies any incoming traffic that lands on your article. But the coolest thing is that it actually amplifies itself and goes in rounds for a while before it finally fades. And the extent to which this "word of mouth" loop will amplify your blog traffic mostly relies on how well you’re going to execute the following strategies: 1. Find A Contagious Idea And Build On Top Of It I know that many people will go hard on me for advising to "steal" ideas from someone else. But I can easily convince you that there’s nothing wrong about it. Take the Tesla car for example. The guys just took a car and put an electric motor into it. How unique is that?   The electric motor was first invented in the 1740s. The first car was built sometime in the  1880s. And the first electric vehicle was presented by nyos Jedlik in 1828. So how come no one is accusing Tesla of stealing someone else's ideas? Because it's not about the original idea, is about how well you execute  that idea. So why don't you "steal" some great ideas and build a "Tesla car" of your own? Here's a great tool that will help you find the most contagious ideas- Content Explorer by Ahrefs: Just put any keywords into the search bar, and the tool will give you a list of most popular content based on your keywords. Play with this tool for 10 minutes and I guarantee that you'll find tons of golden nuggets that will inspire you to write your own contagious article. Here’s a fun fact: Content Explorer is not the only tool of its kind. I know many other tools that were launched long before it. But these guys are known to crawl the Web at Google scale, which means their index of articles is a lot bigger than any other tools can offer. That's exactly how you take someone else's idea and nail it with your execution. 2. Add Some "Practical Utility" To Your Content Do you know what makes people want to share a certain piece of content? In a recent study, researchers examined the sharing patterns of the New York Times readers. Guess what happened to be the biggest driver of shares? Practical utility! And here's how you make your article more practical: Give your readers detailed action steps that they need to take. Provide them with lots of examples and case studies to prove your points. Show them the exact numbers that they can achieve. You won't believe how much people love case studies and exact numbers! Peep Laja from ConversionXL attributes the entire success of his blog to the fact that he never gave a piece of advice if he could not support it with a research paper or a case study. Alex Turnbull from Groove published a great article  about  the importance of writing persuasive research backed content which you also can’t miss. Readers share actionable content more than anything else. #bloggingAnd here's a bonus hack that you can use to easily make your articles more practical- try to add the phrase "for example" next to every piece of advice that you give. Recommended Reading:  Why People Share: The Psychology of Social Sharing 3. Make Your Content Visually Appealing I just told you that people love exact numbers and case studies. So how about this one: According to Jakob Nielsen, 79% of people always scan through any new page that they came across and only 16% read it word for word. And here's another one: According to Josh Schwartz of Chartbeat, there’s no correlation between social shares and people actually reading your article. If you combine these two studies together it's easy to digest that†¦ People can make a snap judgement whether your article is worthy of a share just by skimming through it. Which means that... Your article doesn’t necessarily have to be worthy of a tweet, as long as it looks like  being worthy of a tweet. I know it sounds quite controversial, but it's actually backed with research studies. And in fact, when I think of my own tweeting patterns, I realize that I've tweeted quite a lot of articles just because they seemed worthy to me. So here's how you make your article look more appealing to people who are just skimming through: Write an introductory paragraph that will briefly tell people what's in there. Use meaningful sub-headings (not "clever" ones). Use bulleted lists. Use one idea per paragraph.  Users will skip over any additional ideas if they are not caught by the first few words in the paragraph. Use a lot of high-quality graphics. This will instantly boost your credibility. Use a lot of outbound links.  This will show that you did a thorough research and know what you're talking about. Speaking of "high-quality graphics"- a study conducted by Moz showed that articles with visual content actually tend to attract more links: 4. Help Your Visitors Share Your Content So let's assume that your article is based on a highly contagious idea, it's highly practical, and it looks like something worthy of a share. That alone will guarantee you a fair amount of shares, I promise! But you can easily squeeze a lot more shares from that same article if you go just a few steps further. And here are these steps: Step #1: Make sure your social sharing buttons are easily accessible. This seems so obvious that it's almost not worth mentioning. But I'm sure I'll be able to surprise you with a few tips on something you've considered to be a no-brainer. According to a study from BrightEdge, content with sharing buttons is 7 times more likely to spread than content without. Content with sharing buttons is 7 times more likely to spread than content without. #bloggingAnd if you look at my own blog, my social sharing buttons are floating at the left side of my article, which makes them always accessible no matter how deep you scroll. I also have two big bold buttons at the very end of my article, so that people could share it immediately after they've finished reading it. But the fun doesn't end there. You can push even further and optimize the design of your sharing buttons to get even more shares! Optimize the text on your social sharing buttons. Guys from Pixable carried out quite a few A/B tests to identify what makes people click on their sharing buttons more often. In their first test, they've tested the call to action and discovered that the "Share with Friends" phrase outperformed the phrase "Share" by 107%! The other test was even more amusing. In addition to the Facebook share button, they've added a Tweet button to see how that would impact their shares: That Twitter button increased the total number of shares, which was quite expected.  But the amount of Facebook shares increased as well! It seems that by providing the visitor with a choice, the second option gets them deciding on which platform to share, instead of whether or not to share. Recommended Reading:  The Best Place To Put Social Media Buttons On Your Blog Step #2: Ask for shares. As I've already mentioned above, only 16% of your visitors will actually read your article from start to finish. But these 16% are your most loyal visitors! 16% of visitors read your content from start to finish. They are your loyalists. #bloggingYou should not miss your chance to ask them for a share. You've just given them tons of great information for absolutely free, and all you're asking in return is a simple tweet. It should make them feel bad if they won't reciprocate. Pro Tip: Explain your readers why  they should share your piece of content. Give them a reason  to do it. According to research by Ellen Langer reasoning may pump your acceptance rate to as high as 94%. Here's what  the last sentence of my 7,000-word Guide To Strategic Writing looks like: "And please do me a little favour and share this guide with others, for there's a good chance that it will help them with their blogs." Can you see how I give my readers a reason to share my article? Step #3: Add sharable "sound bites". People share tons of different stuff on social networks: thoughts, quotes, takeaways, images. So why are you leaving your visitors with a single option- "whether or not to share your article"? Remember that fun experiment when the guys added a tweet button, which reframed the situation from "whether or not to share" to "which platform to pick for sharing"? Reframe your #blog readers' perspective from 'whether or not to share' to 'where to  share'.Well, you can move that frame in a different direction- from "whether or not to share the article" to "whether to share an article or a quote from it". Yes, I’m talking about these "tweetable quotes" that you see all over the blog. This strategy was adopted by lots of popular bloggers. I see the "tweet this" quotes on almost all of my favorite blogs. Wonder if this actually works? I once noticed Michael Hyatt using a "tweetable quote" by Jeff Goins in one of his articles: It's not fun to fail, but it just might be the only way to succeed. - Jeff Goins I immediately jumped on Twitter to see if his readers were actually tweeting it. And here's what I saw there: Here's a real life example of how tweetable quotes can help increase  blog traffic through contagious content. Lucky for you, the guys from were kind enough to develop a free WordPress plugin that you can use to create tweetable quotes in your articles. And if you have a little bit of money to invest, I invite you to check my own plugin, which is a little bit more advanced than the free one by .  It's called TweetDis. And if you want to know why this plugin is worth every single penny- just let me know. 5. Optimize Your "Share Snippets" So you've just learned what makes people share your articles. That opens up your viral loop. To effectively close the loop, you need to optimize your "share snippets" to get the maximum "clicks per share". People should eagerly click on your article when they see some of their friends sharing it. This will guarantee that your article will go through a series of viral cycles and your blog  traffic will fade very slowly. Here's how you squeeze more clicks out of your share snippets: Step #1: Write an irresistible headline. There is  actually tons of advice on writing irresistible headlines. All you need to do is simply apply all these tips until you come up with at least 5–7 headlines to choose from. You can then go play with headline analyzer tool to pick the winning one. I'm afraid there's no magic bullet. The more headline variations you will write,  the better you'll get at it. The guys from Upworthy are known to write 25 headlines per article before they settle with one (and so does ): Read This:  25 Scientifically Proven Ways To Write Better Headlines For Your Blog Step #2: Attach images to your "share snippets". What usually catches your attention as you skim through your Facebook newsfeed? Wait-wait!.. I know the answer! It's images! Most social networks allow you to attach images to the things that you share, and that's an opportunity you can't afford to ignore. Let's look at some data: Photos are the most engaging type of content on Facebook, with a whopping 87% interaction rate! No other post type received more than a 4% interaction rate. And attaching an image to your tweet can boost retweets by an impressive 35%. So in case an image is not being attached every time someone tweets your article- you're seriously missing out. Here's how to set this up from a technical standpoint:  Just install WordPress SEO plugin by Yoast and enable â€Å"Facebook Open Graph† and â€Å"Twitter card meta data† within its settings. Once you do this, the plugin will attach the featured image of your article to every single share. Yes, it really is as simple as that. BONUS: How To Turn Your Visitors Into Email Subscribers In the headline of this post, I promised you 5  tactics that will make your content contagious.   I've just listed them, and I really hope you've enjoyed the read. But there's one more content marketing tactic that I just can't help sharing with you. It has nothing to do with blog traffic (at least not initially), but it will grow your email list at a pace you've never seen before. Bonus: How To Turn Your Visitors Into Email Subscribers #bloggingThis tactic is called "content upgrades", and here's how it works. Most bloggers create a single "opt-in bribe" and pitch it everywhere on their blog: on their homepage, in the sidebar, on different popups, and slide-in forms. And it works pretty well.   But a single "opt-in bribe" can’t be relevant to every article that you have on your blog. People coming to read an article about "content marketing" are not interested in your e-book on "conversion rate optimization". A few smart bloggers realized that and started offering "content-specific opt-in bribes" and embed them right into the content of their articles. I bet you've seen these yellow boxes offering you some bonus content. Here's an example from a blog of Brian Dean: This is an example of how Brian Dean uses content upgrades at Backlinko. The downloads complement the context of his articles perfectly. This tactic is called "content upgrades" and it converts readers into email subscribers at a crazy rate, because the "opt-in bribe" that you're offering is highly relevant to the content of the article and actually complements it. Recommended Reading:  Why You Should Give Free Content To Your Readers Here's a case study of how I implemented this strategy on my own blog: [CASE STUDY] How I Increased My Email Conversion Rate By 300% Using Content Upgrades OK, now I feel that I'm leaving you with enough information to make you completely rethink how you approach content marketing. Hope you loved my content marketing hacks and won't mind sharing this article with others. Or would you? :)

IQ imporatant than EQ essays

IQ imporatant than EQ essays For decades, a lot emphasis has been put on certain aspect of intelligence. This intelligence is called IQ ( Intelligence Quotient ). IQ includes aspects of Mathematics, spatial learning, Verbal, logical reasoning, and memory. This intelligence could predict to a significant degree of performances and some degree of personal and professional success. However, some people with fabulous IQ scores are doing poorly in their life. They somehow are wasting their potential by thinking, behaving and communication in a way that hinders their chances to succeed. There is something missing in the success equation. The missing part in the success equation is EQ or EIQ ( Emotional Intelligence Quotient ). Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, had a recipe for handling relationship smoothly. He said, " You must be able to angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose and in the right way " - Aristotle, Greek philosopher - While psychologist, Daniel Goleman, called such self-control as Emotional Intelligence . This concept was made popular by his groundbreaking book Emotional Intelligence in 199 . EQ refers to a combination of skills such as empathy, self-control, self-awareness, sensitivity to feelings of others, persistence and self-motivation. People who excel in their life tend to be emotionally intelligent. IQ ( Intelligence Quotient ) EQ ( Emotional Intelligence ) Mathematics Spatial Learning Verbal Logical Reasoning Memory Empathy Self-control Self-awareness Sensitivity to feelings of others Persistence Self-Motivation Aspects of IQ As all of us know, EQ is more important than IQ nowadays. A person with high EQ shows signs of not afraid to express his feeling and express them with reaso...

The life and times of Friedrich Froebel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The life and times of Friedrich Froebel - Essay Example Such an approach would make it impossible for a child to learn bad habits (Tasssoni & Hucker 2005, 19). Therefore, Froebel observed the entire education system as a moral system that has to shape a child morally in the society, impacting not only education, but also the right personality in children. With these thoughts, Froebel worked with three to seven year old children and later opened a kindergarten (literally meaning garden) in Prussia in 1837. Therefore, Froebel ideas about imparting the right education and quality in young children in form of a kindergarten spread to the entire world, making it necessary to train and give the right foundation to a child in moulding them to responsible adults. Froebel main ideas Froebel is best recognized as the inventor of the kindergarten system of education that is based on strong affinity for nature and strong Christian values were all included in his thinking and shaped his education theory (Smith, 2012). His main principle in education w as that education has to guide man as a conscious, perceiving, and thinking being to make him a pure representation of their inner divine law in accordance with their own choice; thus education is the main way and means through which man has to attain this goal (Froebel 1826, 2). Froebel main school system was based along the Pestalozzian principles, and mainly emphasized on play and holistic use of gifts in play materials and occupations (activities). Froebel believed that humans are by principle creative and productive; fulfillment of this may only be achieved by developing such ideas in harmony with God and the world in general (Smith, 2012). His education theory advocates for an environment that heavily involves direct use of materials and practical work. In his theory of pray as outlined in The Education of Man published in 1896, he noted that play truly fosters, recognizes, and unites the general maturing life of a child with the ripe life and experiences of an adult, â€Å"f ostering one through the other† (Curtis & O’Hanagan 2003, 104) In other words, Froebel explained that play has to be developed from within a child, by provision of the appropriate material, in the presence of an adult to nurture such development (Curtis & O’Hanagan 2003, 104). This made Froebel to devise and collect a rich set of play things for children in the belief that a child’s play is important in education. The popularity of his thoughts spread across Europe and Asia where Japan adopted the Kindergarten system in the late 19th century. Japan wanted to introduce itself as a country with equal structures to the western countries, and did not have enough ideas and systems for early child education (Wollons 2000, 123). Thus, despite being used as a political idea, in fostering uniformity in education systems, Froebel’s ideas were embraced due to their importance in child’ development across Asia, America, and Europe. Froebel’s ideas mainly influenced the Japanese Education and its curriculum making the country to make major changes in their education system, due his theory that were perceived as instrumental in the growth of a child (Yoneyama 2012, 40). The Froebelian kindergarten movement gained much root and in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, more women started home based kindergartens to look after their children or a group of children in the neighborhood. They were attending classes on locally organized Froebel

Contemporary issues in employment relations - topic EMPLOYEE Essay

Contemporary issues in employment relations - topic EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT - Essay Example As part of organization, engagement of employees in the process line of production and running of organizations defines important tool in ensuring improved performance and institutional productivity. McLeod and Clarke (2011, pg. 1) define employee engagement as creation of opportunities for workers to interact with manager, colleagues and the wider organization. Engagement in employment setting also involves creation of environment that motivates employees and makes them want to link with work and care about performing their tasks appropriately. McLeod and Clarke elaborate that engaged employees are aware of the fundamentals of operation of a given business as well as its objectives and goals. Engaged employees also understand frameworks of practice prescribed by the given organization in ensuring achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization. It is within these contexts that engaged employees work closely with their colleagues to improve job performance and maximize benefits for the given organization. According to McLeod and Clarke, it remains the responsibility of organization and its leadership to establish and nurture employee engagement that builds upon emplo yer-employee interrelationship. Effective employee engagement manifests through three items that include attitude, behavior and outcome. Attitude relates to feelings of loyalty and pride among employees that make them act responsibly and with great accountability. Behavior manifests when employees become great advocates of the individual organizations to clients or make extra efforts to complete a piece of task. Outcomes synonymous with effective employee engagement include low incidents of accident due to enhanced care when performing duties, higher productivity and reduced conflicts. In addition, outcomes also manifest through more innovativeness of employees, lower rates of sickness and few employee exits or resignations. McLeod and Clarke (2011, pg. 4) argue that

Independent Music Labels and Their impact on theMusic Industry Essay

Independent Music Labels and Their impact on theMusic Industry - Essay Example In recent times – fortunately or unfortunately we don’t know whether to call it a boon or a bane, there has been a sudden splurge of new private music companies which have given the existing scenario a total make-over by branding themselves on a different plane altogether. Besides the four major recording companies –i.e. Warner, Universal, Sony BMG and EMI, there are what are called â€Å"Indie† labels. The most common or widely used description of â€Å"independent† labels is that they are not connected with any major or corporate label. Such labels give more freedom and control, than what is allowed by major labels. They also extend support on the business aspect of music, though not on a very large scale. Independent labels face a downside in the fact that they lack the finance needed to make an artist or album popular. They are not capable of good advertisements or promotions for artists or albums. Most of these small labels are run by musicians from their home or garage. If it becomes a success, eventually it is taken over by a major label. The current scenario is pretty clear, both consumers and artists have spectacular opportunities from digital download technologies, as long as the artists are fairly compensated and major labels don’t interfere with it. Obviously, technology is changing the face of the Music industry.

Masonry Oven and Pizza Essay Example for Free

Masonry Oven and Pizza Essay Pizza is oven-baked flat bread usually topped with tomato sauce, cheese and various toppings. The modern pizza was invented in Naples, Italy, and the dish has since become popular in many parts of the world. Pizza can be baked in an oven with stone bricks above the heat source, an electric deck oven, a conveyor belt oven or, in the case of more expensive restaurants, a wood- or coal-fired brick oven. On deck ovens, pizza can be slid into the oven on a long paddle, called a peel, and baked directly on the hot bricks or baked on a screen (a round metal grate, typically aluminum). When made at home, it can be baked on a pizza stone in a regular oven to reproduce the effect of a brick oven. Another option is grilled pizza, in which the crust is baked directly on a barbecue grill. Greek pizza, like Chicago-style pizza, is baked in a pan rather than directly on the bricks of the pizza oven. There are several rules to be obligatory followed for making a pizza. The dough should contain flour, natural yeast (brewer’s yeast allowed), salt and water. No kind of fat permitted. The diameter of pizza should not exceed 30 cm. The dough should be made by hands or by means of certified mixers preventing it from overheating. Pizza should be rolled out by hands only. All other methods including rolling-pin application are forbidden. Pizza should be baked in the immediate bottom of the oven. Neither frying pans nor baking trays permitted; the oven should be bricked and lined with fireproof materials similar to the volcanic rock. The oven should be burned with natural wood. The temperature in the oven should not be less than 400 Â °C. Pizza should be thoroughly baked but not over dried; its edges should be high, gentle but crispy at the same time. Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas. American pizza chains Dominos Pizza and Pizza Hut opened their first outlets in India in 1996. Domestic pizza brands include Smokin Joes and Pizza Corner. Pizza is probably the most delicious meal I ever had. Every time I have pizza I create memories. There’s always laughter, talking, and just having fun when I eat this meal. Every time I eat pizza I always have a good time. I love when the crust is soft and hot, it’s just wonderful. The sweet warm sauce is just mouthwatering. There’s nothing better than the cheesy, gooey cheese in your mouth. Pizza might be greasy and unhealthy but it sure is affordable. This meal is just one of akind.

The Appendix to Frederick Douglass Narrative Essay -- Narrative of th

O th sin th white folks `mitted when they made th bible lie. You're lucky that my people Are stronger than yo' evil, Or yo' ass, would `a got the heave-ho. Ice Cube, The Predator Frederick Douglass certainly knew that his narrative might be taken by many of his readers as a conscious rejection of Christian faith. Accordingly, he informs his readers that the inclusion of an Appendix at the end of his tale should be seen as an attempt to "remove the liability of such misapprehension" from their thoughts. Such an act implies that the Appendix owes its existence to factors lying outside of the narrative, and, indeed, Douglass often utilizes the Appendix to pre-empt criticism by railing against his accusers: Dark and terrible as is this picture, I hold it to be strictly true of the overwhelming mass of professed Christians in America. They strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel. Could anything be more true of our churches? They would be shocked at the proposition of fellowshipping a sheep-stealer, and at the same time they hug to their communion a man-stealer, and brand me with being an infidel, if I find fault with them for it. (Douglass, 328.) This reveals the self-conscious relation of Appendix to main text, it's very inclusion highlighting the need Douglass felt to clarify his religious convictions. Such a necessity is indicative of a self-conscious struggle within Narrative of the Life to maintain a coherent "voice" while simultaneously conforming to prescribed notions of slave-narrative form. Abolitionist rhetoric, also, brought pressure to bear upon Douglass' approach, his patrons always a factor in the formulation of so overtly political a text. Douglass' mentor, William Lloyd Garrison, and Wendell Phil... ...arrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave. Boston: Anti-Slavery Office, 1845. Henry Louis Gates, ed. The Classic Slave Narratives. New York: Mentor, 1987. Eric J. Sundquist, ed. Frederick Douglass: New Literary and Historical Essays. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1990. Donald B. Gibson. Faith, Doubt and Apostasy. Waldo E. Martin, Jnr. The Mind of Frederick Douglass. University of North Carolina Press, 1984. William Loser Katy. Breaking the Chains: African-American Slave Resistance. New York: Atheneum, 1990. James Brewer Stewart. Holy Warriors: the Abolitionists and American Slavery. New York: Hill and Wang,1976. Henry Louis Gates.The Signifying Monkey. New York: Oxford University Press,1988. Gates. The Trope of the Talking Book. David Van Leer. Reading Slavery: The Anxiety of Ethnicity in Douglass' Narrative.

Illustrate to audiences Essay

This is the scene in which the confrontation between Maggie and Hobson in takes place in the living room. Prior to this scene Maggie has informed Hobson that she is â€Å"Going to marry Willie†. Hobson does not want Maggie to get married but he doesn’t mind Vickey and Alice getting married because they are of less use around the shop and home. Hobson does not want Maggie to get a husband because he is selfish. Maggie is the daughter that is the most businesslike and helps him with the shop regularly. If Maggie were to marry, Hobson would have to do some proper work in the shop. This scene starts with Maggie speaking to Hobson saying â€Å"You and l’ull be straight with one another, father. I’m not a fool and you’re not a fool, and things may as well be put in their places as left untidy†. Here Maggie is very direct in speaking and this is signposting to the audience that there is going to be a confrontation.  Hobson replies with indignation by saying â€Å"You can’t have Willie Mossop. Why, lass, his father was a workhouse brat†. This is an example of the class differences again as Hobson is a shopkeeper and Willie is one of the working class. Willie had come from a poor background and the penniless poor like his father were taken to these workhouses and put to ‘use’. To this Maggie replies â€Å"It’s news to me we’re snobs in Salford. This line would have been humorous to audiences of the past and present because Salford has always been a working town. Hobson is here concerned about his image within the community and about what his friends will think of him in the Moonrakers. Hobson illustrates these thoughts when he says â€Å"I’d be the laughing-stock of the place if I allowed it. I won’t have it, Maggie†. Hobson then tries to justify his stance by adding â€Å"It’s hardly decent at your time of life†. One aspect in which audiences of the past would react differently to audiences of the present is when Hobson says â€Å"It’s hardly decent at your time of life† (Maggie is only 30). However, at the time this book was written people married an awful lot younger, mainly because the average life expectancy back then was a lot younger. Whereas in our days people marry at this age and older still. Therefore, audiences of past and present would react differently. An audience of the past may have thought this comment was amusing, however, an audience of the present may not think it was such a big deal and may also look on it from Maggie’s point of view as a demoralizing comment. However, Hobson’s selfish snobbish ways would make audiences of both past and present want Maggie to marry Willie just to spite Hobson for his pathetic behaviour. An audience of the past would have found Maggie’s next line â€Å"And now I’ll tell you my terms† amusing because it is an example of role reversal because in those days the man was the master and was in charge and he was the one who laid down the terms and rules.  Maggie then goes on to state her terms, telling her father how much she believes her and Willie should be paid. To this Hobson replies, â€Å"Do you think I’m made of brass?† – brass is colloquialism for money. This line would have been amusing to an audience of the past because this is how the people in the streets in that area spoke like and they would be able to associate to it. A present audience may also have found this line amusing, however, some may not have understood it. Hobson tries to reassert his authority by shouting â€Å"I’ll show you what I propose, Maggie†. He then lifts up the trap door and shouts â€Å"Will Mossop!† He then unbuckles his belt and says to Maggie â€Å"I cannot leather you, my lass. You’re female, and exempt, but I can leather him†. Audiences of the present would be quite shocked by this behaviour as it is not a part of modern, civilized society any more. Such violence is frowned upon in our day. However, in the past, audiences would have been familiar with the term a good leathering, it would have been a regular occurrence. Therefore, they may have found this amusing rather than shocking. Hobson continues to try to assert his authority when he says to Willie â€Å"You’ve fallen on misfortune. Love’s led you astray†. He then says, â€Å"I don’t bear Malice, but we must beat the love from your body†. However, this backfires on Hobson when Willie says â€Å"You’ll not beat love in me†. Audiences of the past would have enjoyed this repliance because it is the little man against the boss and in those days the boss had all authority. Willie goes on to aggravate Hobson even more when he says â€Å"I’m none wanting thy Maggie, it’s her that’s after me, but I’ll tell you this, Mr Hobson: If you touch me with that belt, I’ll take her quick, aye, and stick to her like glue†. Again, audiences of the past would have enjoyed this because it is the little man against the all-powerful boss. Present audiences would have enjoyed this too because it would have illustrated Willies determination and independence. After being struck with the belt by Hobson for his remarks, Willie then says to Maggie out of rage â€Å"I’ve none kissed you yet. I shirked before. But, by gum, I’ll kiss you now†. He then kisses Maggie, not with passion but with temper. Audiences of past and present would have enjoyed this part because it is a bit of romantic comedy and Willie is standing up to Hobson, who doesn’t know what to do next. Also, from this scene, audiences of past and present would have observed that Maggie and Willie are sensible, practical and have a mature way of thinking. These characters would make Hobson’s anti-social behaviour more noticeable to the audiences. Finally, carrying on in his new found self-confidence, Willie adds â€Å"And if Mr Hobson raises up that strap again, I’ll do more. I’ll walk straight out of shop with thee and us two ‘ull set up for ourselves. Audiences of the past and present would have enjoyed this scene because not only is Hobson shocked by what Willie has said (Hobson stands in amazed indecision) but Willie is also shocked by the confidence he showed when he stood up to Hobson. Scene Four  The final section of the play I will examine is Act Three, pages 44 – 47.  This section follows on from a scene in which Hobson, drunk from a night in the Moonrakers, fell down a pub cellar and woke up to find he had received a fine for trespassing. Upon this charge Hobson goes to Maggie’s house on her wedding day, in the hope of some help from her.  In this section the roles of Maggie and Hobson are totally reversed. In this scene, Maggie is instead the one who is in charge, while Hobson has to take a more reserved, subservient stance; as he feels that his future is in her hands. This scene begins with a knock on the door and Hobson shouting â€Å"Are you in, Maggie?† Vickey, Maggie’s sister proclaims, â€Å"It’s father!† in a terrified voice. Albert, who is Vickey’s fianc, then adds â€Å"Oh, Lord†, whereas Maggie simply says, â€Å"What’s the matter? Are you afraid of him?† This would inform the audience that there may be a confrontational moment ahead.  Maggie soon takes charge of the situation by telling everybody, except Willie to go into the bedroom and that she’ll shout them before he’s gone. To this order Vickey then says â€Å"But we don’t want-â€Å", to which Maggie interrupts â€Å"Is this your house or mine?† and Vickey answers, â€Å"It’s your cellar†. Maggie then replies by saying â€Å"And I’m in charge of it†. Both audiences of the past and of the present would have found Vickey’s line amusing where she gets back at Maggie by illustrating the stark contrast of a house to a cellar. They also would have been amused by the fact that Maggie reasserts herself (I’m in charge of it) although she says to Willie you’re gaffer here whilst ordering him to sit down. Hobson is then invited in by Willie, who is now in the role of the master of the house. Audiences of the past and the present would have found it amusing when Maggie says, â€Å"You can sit down for five minutes, father. That sofa ‘ull bear your weight†. This line would also illustrate to audiences that Maggie is not threatened by Hobson and makes light of his arrival.  Maggie again shows that she is in charge when Willie says to Hobson â€Å"A piece of pork pie† and Hobson replies groaningly â€Å"Pork pie!† To this reply, Maggie pulls Hobson up sharply by saying â€Å"You’ll be sociable now you’re here, I hope†. Audiences of the past would have appreciated this amusing line because Maggie is pulling her father up sharp and she is in control in a commanding authority. Maggie’s authority is further displayed when she says to Hobson â€Å"Happen a piece of wedding cake ‘ull do you good†. Eating the cake Hobson shudders saying â€Å"It’s sweet† to which Maggie replies â€Å"That’s natural in cake†. Audiences of the past and present would have found this humorous because Hobson enjoys a drink, and being an alcoholic he cannot tolerate sweet things. This is made even more amusing when Maggie pushes the cake towards him and says, â€Å"Then there’s your cake, and you can eat it†, to which Hobson pushes the cake away but Maggie pushes it back again, giving Hobson no choice but to eat it, to which Hobson replies â€Å"You’re a hard woman† as he eats the cake and, as illustrated in the film Maggie watches over him as he eats it. This scene where Maggie forces Hobson to eat the cake would have been amusing to audiences past and present as well as viewed as something significant to all audiences as Maggie has already said â€Å"I’ve a wish to see my father sitting at my table eating my wedding cake on my wedding-day. Conclusion Harold Brighouse’s play Hobson’s Choice is a valuable document of what English society was like in 1915 (when it was written) and 1880 (when it takes place). I believe the play provides us with an important and useful insight to what society was like in those days in Britain as it provides us with an insight into the varying classes of people, how they were treated and their attitudes towards others. In Hobson’s Choice, Maggie, the daughter of Hobson, marries against her fathers wishes much to Hobson’s discomfort and dismay. There are similar themes such as this in modern society today, which are in some ways related to this theme illustrated in Hobson’s Choice. For example, members of families sometimes run away from home in the hope of being with someone who they would otherwise not be able to be with under their parents influence, or to simply escape from a home in which they feel much discomfort in. Also, just like in Hobson’s Choice, children in modern society today marry against their parent’s wishes in order to be with someone. I think audiences of the past and the present would have reacted similar and would have found the play humorous as it shows the underdog or the person who had nothing, Willie winning against someone who had everything, a shop owner and a pillar of society, Hobson. In Hobson’s Choice, Willie was a member of the poorer people and it was obvious that there was a barrier between him, who worked in a cellar, and those such as Hobson who owned the shop. However, today this barrier between the rich and the poor still exists more than ever, so it is clear that some things haven’t changed. I personally enjoyed Hobson’s Choice as I found it amusing throughout and it was an interesting and enjoyable story the way it illustrated what Salford was like in those days and how people were treated according to their class. My favourite parts of the story were probably when Willie stood up to Hobson under Maggie’s watchful eye and walked out of the shop with her, much to Hobson’s amazement, and when Maggie told Willie that he was the man for her and he sat down complete shock and amazement. If I was in the audience I would have enjoyed these parts because they are some of the most amusing parts of the play, mainly because of the way Willie acts. For example, it is amusing when Willie is shocked by the prospect of marriage and he sits down mopping his brow and says in a shocked voice, â€Å"I’m feeling queer-like† – this is highly amusing as the poor man is taken back. In the play Maggie comes across as the strongest character and somebody whom feminists within today’s society would be able to identify. Although in the era when the play set Maggie would have been a very unusual character. The character I would be most sympathetic with in the play would be Willie. This is because he is controlled throughout the play and he was the one who seemed to receive the most punishment, such as when Hobson tries to strike him with a belt for taking up with Maggie, even though he did not do the taking up. However, he would be the character I admire the most because of the way he didn’t give under the pressure of Hobson and stuck by Maggie.