The Theory Of Coordination Failure Underlying The...

The Theory of Coordination Failure Underlying the Hypothesis of Rosenstein-Rodan ‘’ But when was ever honey made with one bee in a hive!’’ stated the English poet, author and humourist, Thomas Hood in his poem ‘The Last Man’. These words give an idea about the perfect coordination of bees as they work to produce honey. One bee will fail miserably at producing honey if it sets out to accomplish this task independently. Similarly, coordination in economics involves the integration of various activities by agents in the complex economic system to ensure that scarce resources are efficiently used for the good of all in the society – in the bee’s case, making honey. According to Ray (1998), an alternate, superior equilibrium exists provided†¦show more content†¦In addition, a strategy for planned industrialisation made up of concurrent arrangements which cater for various complementary industries has never existed. In the arguments put across by Rosenstein-Rodan (1943), providing training for labourers who were peasants in the Eastern and South-Eastern European region ought to be the paramount task of industrialization. This would eventually change them into either full-time or part-time workers in industries and increase their level of income. He suggested this because private firms did not consider this venture profitable to them since entrepreneurs may lose capital if they invest in training labourers who will ultimately work with another firm. In order words, a bulk investment in capital and labour was beneficial for development rather than depending on individual firms to accomplish that task. Rosenstein-Rodan’s (1943) most significant reason in support of large-scale investments stems from the idea of complementarities of diverse industries. In his paper, he explains that numerous industries serve as complements to each other. He gives the logical argument which favours planning an extensive form of industrialization citing an example with a rather

Drug And Substance Abuse During Pregnancy - 1442 Words

Introduction Drug and substance abuse have been the prevalent world over among pregnant women. Past studies had shown that this could have an adverse effect on the child development. UNICEF (2007) was at the forefront of agitating against drug and substance abuse during pregnancy. Studies had also found out that more than 20% of mothers in the United States alone had smoked during pregnancy (Coles, 2010).Alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, prescription drugs and heroin are some of the drugs that were singled out to have been abused by various mothers during pregnancy (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2015). According to National Institute of Health (2015), drug abuse was found to have interfered with the child development on the areas†¦show more content†¦The first stage can also be called the prenatal stage. It covers the growth of the child from conception to birth. At this stage, most of the organs are developed. The child acquires his/her food from the mother through the placenta. These food nutrients come through the blood stream. An alcoholic or smoking mother may pass some traces of the drugs to the child. These traces can alter the process of child development significantly. At the second stage of 0 to 12 months, the child still depends entirely on the mother s care. A drug addict mother may expose the infant to a lot of dangers. Lastly from one year to preschool and later the child can now be left in the hands of the caregiver and later may start school. Drug addicted parents affect these stages of development differently. Physical growth Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, use of marijuana and cocaine had been found to result in low weight of the child at birth (National Institute of Health, 2015, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2015, American Academy of Pediatrics, 2014). Children born to alcoholic mothers had been found to suffer from retardation after birth. Besides, the rate of physical growth of these children was significantly lower than those who were not exposed to drugs (Cleaver, Aldgate, Unell, 2011). Drug abuse during pregnancy had also increased the risk of amnionitis, precipitous labor, and emergency caesarean section. These conditions can lead to a child born

Shoe Horn Sonata free essay sample

The distinctively visual connects an image with an idea. To illustrate the effectiveness of the distinctively visual in emphasising the ways that individuals respond to significant aspects of life, two uniquely Australian texts stand alone; the prescribed text The Shoe-Horn Sonata by John Misto written in 1996 and the epic 2008 film Australia by Baz Luhramm. Both texts deal with aspects of war and the importance of truth. Each text, whether it be a dramatised stage play or a film script, has a composer who has the capacity to emotionally transport an audience to a different time and place by bringing the written word to the visual medium through their evocative and highly innovative choice of the distinctively visual. In act one: scene 1 Bridie and Shelia, the two fictional characters, are a visual and dramatic representation of the women who faced the real life experiences of the Australian and British female POW’s captured while trying to flee from Singapore in 1942. An image of a Japanese soldier’s face is displayed to the audience, portraying a warrior, instilling fear into the audience and illustrating the fierceness and terrifying nature of the Japanese soldiers. The photograph is enhanced with the dialogue â€Å"The Japs’d come around and beat us for the fun of it. ‘Useless Mouths’ they used to call us†, this adds to the audiences feelings of horror and disbelief to what the women endured. The use of sound effects and music dictates the atmosphere and mood of particular scenarios and adds emotional subtext to various scenes. It adds historical significance to the drama, with Misto using music from the war era and aids in demonstrating the resilience of the women. With a combination of music and sounds effects along with the use of projected images, the audience is able to visualize the situation and feel the emotions of the characters. This is illustrated when Bridie and Shelia find themselves in the water after their ships were bombed by the Japanese. The sound of splashing waves can be heard, with projected images of Singapore on fire, displaying the brutality and danger of the situation and takes us into the minds and memories of Bridie and Shelia. In juxtaposition to this Sheila sings Jerusalem a patriotic, British song, exhibiting the willpower the women have to ‘bounce back’ from the situation and survive this affliction. The sound effects of crickets can be heard whilst Shelia begins to reveal her secret to Bridie. As the scene persists, the noise of the cricket’s increase with intensity, this is until Sheila discloses the truth about her selling herself to the Japanese soldier’s in order obtain the Quinine to save Bridie’s life ,at which point the crickets cease. The crickets symbolize the jungle and transport both the audience and women to that place in time; the conclusion of the noise represents Sheila being set free from war time and is now able to live a normal life. The symbolic nature of the shoe horn is seen throughout the play, portraying a sense of survival for not only Bridie and Shelia but the whole prison camp. In the beginning the shoe horn represents the joys of Bridie’s family and home life and enables the audience to get a feel for the happiness it brings, before the horrors of war proceed. As the play progresses the symbolism shifts. When Bridie and Sheila find themselves adrift after their boats had been sunk, Bridie uses the shoe horn to prevent Shelia from drowning. Although a humorous part in the play, it displays their wants and needs for survival. As the women form a choir within the camp, the shoehorn takes on an essential role in the women’s existence. It is used as a metronome, driving the music, lifting the spirits of each woman and emotionally allowing them to rise above the deprivation and horror around them. This notion is enhanced with the dialogue â€Å"together we made this glorious sound that rose above the camp – above the jungle – above the war – rose and rose and took us with it. Fifty voices set us free†. Most predominantly the shoe horn becomes a symbol of the pain and shame Sheila held for 50 years and the sacrifice she was willing to make in order to save a friends life. Once the shoe horn is returned to Bridie, it becomes a symbol of the women’s redemption of friendship and whipes out the pain and suffering they both had felt since the completion of the war. The symbolism throughout the drama portrays to the audience that in various situations the women used what they had in order to survive and carry on with their lives. Misto uses distinctively visual techniques through the drama to portray to the audience the experiences and feelings Bridie and Shelia felt throughout their tribulation. With the use of projected images, sound effects, music and symbolism, Misto displays the horrors of war, resilience and survival tactics of the women and aims at strengthening the knowledge and appreciation of the women who were held captive by the Japanese. Jess Summerville

Logic Computer Design Essay Example For Students

Logic Computer Design Essay Furthermore, good visualization skills allow them to control mental image, allowing them to move around the image, change the form, look inside, and picture the inside of the mental image of the design problem. 3. What are the three main areas or phases of the model-centered design process? Do the activities in these areas happen in a sequential fashion? The three main areas of phases of the model-centered design process are ideation, refinement, and implementation. Model-centered engineering design is a nonlinear team approach to design that brings together the input, processes, ND output elements necessary to produce a product. 4. Explain how PLY is used in the design process. What is its relationship to ICC? Product Life Cycle Management (PLY) is an organizational model that involves all the companys department, including the engineering design process, in the design and manufacture of a product. In addition to CAD soft,vary, specialized software products and technologies are used in conjunction. PLY is used as a basis for creating the accumulated corporate intellectual capital (ICC) of a company or organization. 5. Outline the Steps Of problem identification in the ideation phase. Problem identification is an ideation process which consisting six elements: Problem statement, Research, Data gathering, Objectives, Limitations, and Scheduling. 6. What kinds of graphics are used in the ideation phase? The types of graphics used in ideation phase include charts, graphs, ideation sketches and drawings, design drawings, analysis and concept models, and presentation graphics. 7. What is the designers notebook? How is it used? A designers notebook is similar to a diary and contains many notes and sketches that are organized to show the path to development tort a product and process. A well documented notebook contains notes, calculations, signatures, and dates, Keeping good note can make an accurate document for an original design. 8. Outline the main activities in the refinement phase Refinement is a repetitive (iterative or cyclical) process used to test a preliminary design Refinement consists of three main areas: modeling, design analysis, and design visualization. . Describe the different kinds of models used in the design process. Modeling is the process Of representing abstract ideas, words, and forms, through the orderly use of simplified text and images. Models are classified as either descriptive or predictive. Descriptive model presents abstract ideas, products, or processes in a recognize form. Descriptive models consisting 3-D CAD or physical sca le models used simply to visually represent the design. Predictive models can be mathematical or virtual 3-D CAD models that can be used to analyze the motion or physical properties of the design. 10. Describe the different kinds of analysis techniques used in the design process. Types of analysis techniques used in the design process are Property analysis, Mechanism analysis, Functional analysis, Human doctors analysis, Aesthetic analysis, Market analysis, and Financial analysis. 11. Outline the three ways the 3-D model database can be used in the implementation phase. Three ways the 3-D model database can be used in the implementation phase are production, marketing and service documentation, Production is 3-D CAD models which are used to run machine tools and make parts and layout the factory floor _ Marketing is 3-D CAD models are used for illustrations, presentation graphics, and advertising. Service Documentation is 3-D CAD models are used for service manuals, training, and assembly instructions. 12. What kinds of documentation might be produced as part of the design process? Design process documentation 2-D engineering drawings, 3-D design models, presentation drawings and illustrations. 3. Explain the role of PDP in the design process. What is the relationship of ERP to PDP? Product Data Management (PDP) is the name given to specific computer-based tools and used to track CAD or office documents with user- defined data fields, such as revisions, authors, date, and so forth in the development and manufacture of a product. Within PDP, Enterp rise resource landing (ERP) is a system that specifically touches on the ordering to material and planning for the materials used for manufacture of a product. 14. What is the difference between conventions and standards? .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .postImageUrl , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:hover , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:visited , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:active { border:0!important; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:active , .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u06d0853ef31df0eb3c1db2dda7265e5b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Drawing and Anatomy: The Shoulder Girdle and Forearm EssayConventions commonly are accepted practices, rules, or methods. In technical drawing, an example off convention is the use of dashed lines or hidden features, on a emulative drawing to designate a feature hidden from the current viewpoint. Standards are sets of rules (formal; ANSI or ISO) that govern how technical drawings are represented, 15. Describe two reverse engineering techniques One of the reverse engineering techniques are the using of coordinate measuring machine (CM) that can measure Objects accurately and then inputs the 3-D data into a CAD system and modified it. Another one is called scanning by using laser or specialized photographic equipment to make critical measurement from existing parts. 16. Describe two different rapid prototyping technologies. One of the rapid prototyping technologies are Extraterritoriality (SLAM) which using a laser focused beam to harden a light-sensitive polymer. Another one is Fused Deposition Modeling (FAD) which using a molten plastic to deposit a series of very thin erasers to build and create a part. 17. Explain why an enterprise might want to store data in an off-site data warehouse. Then reason of an enterprise want to store data in an off-site data warehouse is protect against fire or other catastrophes at the coronaries engine erring center. 18. Describe two different IVR display techniques. Two different IVR display are the using of head-mounted display (HAM) that only for individual users and multiple projection systems called computer augmented virtual environments (CAVEs) for multiple users in a larger physical space.